Water Quality and Fisheries Issues Accompanying Population Growth in the Philippines

Fishing should be an employment of last resort. This article argues why through analysis of water quality and fisheries in conjunction to the role of human population and overfishing on yields.fisheries sector, water sector, population and family relation

Bioeconomic Analysis of Management Options for Tropical Fisheries Using a Bicriteria Programming Model

A possible approach to the management of the multispecies multi-gear fishery in a developing country was explored. The small petagics fishery in central Philippines was analyzed in three stages. A dynamic pool model represented the dynamics of the stocks. The optimal allocation of catch across competing fleets was modeled having regard for the pursuit of two conflicting objectives, maximizing employment and fishing profits. Alternative management schemes were then explored. On the basis of the criteria used, the optimal fleet size was a small fraction of the existing fleet size. Calculation of increased target yields through regulation of fishing mortality and selectivity showed that the increase in optimal feet size would be moderate because the current level of exploitation is close to that producing the maximum yield-per-recruit. An agenda for exploration of further management alternatives appropriate to the social and economic policy objectives of a developing country is discussed.bioeconomics, Philippines, small pelagics, multicriteria decision making, fishery economics, fishery management, tropical fisheries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Production Economics,

Extended Benefit-Cost Analysis of Management Alternatives: Pagbilao Mangrove Forest

Mangroves are important fish hatcheries. It prevents coastal erosion and provides timber resources. However, it limits land access to coastal and fishpond areas. This article presents a cost-benefit analysis on mangrove preservation.natural resources and environment, environmental issues

Economics of Technology Adoption: The Case of Brackishwater Aquaculture in Bulacan, Philippines

Brackihwater fish ponds are tradition al1y devoted to milk fish culture. However, for the past three to four years , brackishwater milk fish operatorsin Bulacan, Philippine shave been culturing tilapia in addition to their milk fish crops. Owing to the dearth of primary data on this aspect,reasons advanced byre searchers on the emergence of such practice were based on secondary information . The purpose of this study was to provide information on the circumstances surrounding the phenomenon of culturing tilapia in traditional milk fish systems. The under lying reasons for the shifting to tilapia culture were investigated. Another objective was to identify and measure factors which tend to encourage o

Towards a Theory of Understanding within Problem Situations

The concept of understanding is ambiguously used across areas of study, such as philosophy and cognitive sciences. This ambiguity partly originates from understanding\u27s generally accepted definition of \u27grasping\u27 of something. Further, the concept is confounded with concurrent processes such as learning and decision making. This dissertation provides a general theory of understanding (GTU) that explains the concept of understanding unambiguously and separated from concurrent processes. The GTU distinguishes between the process of understanding and its outcomes. Understanding, defined as a process, is the matching of knowledge, worldview, and problem. The outcome of this process is the assignment of a truth value to a problem, the generation of knowledge and the generation of worldview. Both accounts say what understanding is and what it does. Additionally, a construct of understanding is proposed to provide insight into the process of understanding. The construct does not only help explain existing theories about understanding, but also adds to the body of knowledge by identifying three types of understanding. Two exist in the literature while the third type is a contribution of this dissertation. Generalizing from the data it is shown how complexity of a problem depends on the effort an individual had to understand. It emerges that effort to understand converges to seven levels. The theory provides insights in areas of interest to Engineering Management such as complexity and complexity\u27s dependence on the observer while differentiating understanding from concurrent processes such as learning and decision making

Comparison of DAC and MONACO DSMC Codes with Flat Plate Simulation

Various implementations of the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method exist in academia, government and industry. By comparing implementations, deficiencies and merits of each can be discovered. This document reports comparisons between DSMC Analysis Code (DAC) and MONACO. DAC is NASA's standard DSMC production code and MONACO is a research DSMC code developed in academia. These codes have various differences; in particular, they employ distinct computational grid definitions. In this study, DAC and MONACO are compared by having each simulate a blunted flat plate wind tunnel test, using an identical volume mesh. Simulation expense and DSMC metrics are compared. In addition, flow results are compared with available laboratory data. Overall, this study revealed that both codes, excluding grid adaptation, performed similarly. For parallel processing, DAC was generally more efficient. As expected, code accuracy was mainly dependent on physical models employed

Age Group Differences In Recall of Relevant and Irrelevant Words

Many studies have shown that older adults tend to perform more poorly on memory tasks, when compared to younger people. Conversely, studies have also indicated that there may be ways to combat this decline in age related memory performance by using memory aid techniques. In addition to memory aid techniques, word familiarity may be used to increase memory performance because working memory for familiar words benefits from the availability of long-term phonological memory representations, which act to clean up the decaying memory traces of items in the list retrieval stage. This memory study compared word recall performance of younger and older adult age groups using words that are familiar (relevant) and unfamiliar (irrelevant) to each of the specific age groups. The study found evidence that among older and younger adults, there is better recall for both words created by and used for their specific generations, in addition to words related to an age-specific life activity. This study also found evidence that the older age group exhibited higher levels of false recall than younger adults for both the familiar words and conceptually linked words

Towards NLP-Based Conceptual Modeling Frameworks

This paper presents preliminary research using Natural Language Processing (NLP) to support the development of conceptual modeling frameworks. NLP-based frameworks are intended to lower the barrier of entry for non-modelers to develop models and to facilitate communication across disciplines considering simulations in research efforts. NLP drives conceptual modeling in two ways. Firstly, it attempts to automate the generation of conceptual models and simulation specifications, derived from non-modelers’ narratives, while standardizing the conceptual modeling process and outcome. Secondly, as the process is automated, it is simpler to replicate and be followed by modelers and non-modelers. This allows for using a common process and generating similar “blueprints” facilitating communication and collaboration efforts. Overall, NLP presents an opportunity for the M&S community to engage with stakeholders and scholars across domains in the simulation development process, lowering entry barriers and increasing participation